As a mother , choosing between the two in the cartoon, is difficult. I want my child to be able to learn, but I also want her to pass the test. Though I do not like to be grade conscious, let's face it: my daughter's chances of success will be greatly affected by the numbers written on her report card.
If the outcome-based education will be true to its principles, then I wouldn't worry at all. Outcome-based education assesses what it wants students to be able to demonstrate at the end of every learning experiences. If properly implemented by us teachers, then there's no worry about having students who are learning a lot but not passing the tests nor students who are passing the tests but not learning anything at all.
In OBE students who are learning will definitely pass the tests and the students who pass the test definitely learn.